The increasing prevalence of ID (3.9–22.1%) is likely caused by genetic and psychophysiological factors such as the aging population, significant stress levels, depression, and anxiety in modern communities. As it is noted in the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3), ID implies frequency of insomnia symptoms for at least three times a week and more than 3 months and it is referred to as a distinct disease rather than as a disease that is solely dependent on other conditions. The routine daytime outcomes of this complication are tiredness, moodiness, and cognitive difficulties. Insomnia disorder (ID) refers to difficulties in going to or keeping sleep, or getting up early in the morning. Sleep disorders such as various types of insomnia are usual disorders in pediatric practice as their global prevalence is up to 3.7%. Regarding all sleep disorders and especially PPI, CAP variables, EEG arousals, and sleep spindles as microstructures and Total Sleep Time, Sleep Latency, number of waking, REM duration, and Heart Rate as macrostructures were found to be critical for the diagnosis of psychophysiological insomnia The analysis contributes to understanding better approaches in the quantitative specification of psychophysiological insomnia compare to good sleepers. (d) There is no significant difference between PPI and GS groups on spindles length in our research. (c) The ratio of sleep stages, sleep latency and heart rate as sleep macrostructure are significantly changed. The findings imply: (a) psychophysiological insomnia is characterized by CAP differences from good sleepers which are associated with hyperarousal (b) Regarding microstructure, more microarousals in sleep stages caused more number of wake index. Analytical methods are used to dissect the results. Cyclic alternating patterns were scored manually and other structures were monitored by the original PSG’s device software. The sleep polysomnography (PSG) for one night was performed and sleep macro–micro-structures extraction was implemented for each participant. Two statistical populations, with 20 participants in each, are addressed: good sleepers (GS) and patients with psychophysiological insomnia (PPI). To address sleep micro–macro-structures in psychophysiological insomnia (PPI) as denoted by cyclic alternating pattern (CAP), Sleep spindles, and hyperarousal as microstructures and sleep characteristics such as sleep stages’ variables, and heart rate as macrostructures.
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